DBMS Data Independence Lecture -3

 Data Independence 

Data independence can be define as the capacity to change the schema at one level of data base system without having to change the schema at higher level .data independence further classified into to category as follow

1.Logical Data Independence

2.Physical data Independence

Logical data Independence:- 

                                            The capacity to change the conceptual Schema without having to change the external schema or users programs

Physical data Independence:-

                                                  The capacity to change the the internal Schema without having to change the conceptual schema

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